Ocuparea forţei de muncă şi şomajul / Employment and Unemployment

Rata somajului, potrivit datelor Institutului National de Statistica (INS), calculata conform metodologiei Biroului International al Muncii (BIM), a fost in ultimul trimestru al anului trecut de 5,8%, in crestere fata de trimestrul anterior (5,4%), dar in scadere comparativ cu trimestrul corespunzator din anul 2007 (6,1%). Cel mai ridicat nivel al somajului, de 17,9%, s-a inregistrat in randul tinerilor cu varste cuprinse intre 15 si 24 de ani. Acest nivel este insa in scadere fata de trimestrul anterior, cand 19,2% dintre tinerii cu varste cuprinse intre 15 si 24 de ani nu aveau un loc de munca.

Conform datelor INS, rata somajului in randul barbatilor a fost cu 2,1 puncte procentuale mai mare decat in randul femeilor, respectiv de 6,7% pentru barbati fata de 4,6% pentru femei. Datele statistice mai arata ca somajul din mediul urban a fost in perioada mentionata de 6,5%, in vreme ce in mediul rural rata somajului a fost de 4,9%. Rata de ocupare a populatiei in varsta de munca (15-64 ani) a avut un nivel usor mai ridicat (58,3%) fata de cel din trimestrul corespunzator din anul precedent (57,9%), dar inferior fata de cel din trimestrul anterior (60,5%). Acest indicator avea, ca si in trimestrele anterioare, valori mai ridicate pentru barbati (64,9%, fata de 51,7% pentru femei) si pentru persoanele din mediul rural (59,3%, fata de 57,6% in mediul urban). Rata de ocupare a tinerilor (15-24 ani) era de 23,4%.

Nivelul ratei de ocupare a populatiei in varsta de munca se situeaza la o distanta de 11,7 puncte procentuale fata de tinta de 70%, stabilita pentru anul 2010 prin Strategia de la Lisabona.Raportul de dependenta economica (numarul persoanelor inactive si in somaj ce revin la 1.000 persoane ocupate) a fost de 1.234‰, mai ridicat pentru persoanele de sex feminin (1.523‰), precum si pentru cele din mediul urban (1.296‰). In ultimul trimestru al anului 2008, populatia activa a Romaniei era de 9,80 milioane de persoane, din care, 9,23 milioane de persoane ocupate si 568.000 someri.

Inceputul anului a fost nefavorabil pentru evolutia pietei fortei de munca, s-au inregistrat in primele 3 luni ale anului 2009 peste 40.000 de concedieri in sistem colectiv. Acestea constituie  aproximativ  jumatate din totalul concedierilor, cele mai mari restructurari cu concedieri colective  s-au facut in industria metalurgica, componente auto, constructii, energie si confectii/ textile.  Ritmul mediu de recrutare a scazut considerabil fata de anul 2008, insa neuniform pe ramuri. Exista sectoare unde nivelul angajarilor se mentine la aproape acealeasi cote din 2008 ca d.e. in comert, sanatate, FMCG.  Potrivit estimarilor actualizate de catre Ministerul Economiei si Finantelor, numarul maxim al somerilor poate depasi 700.000, in conditii economice externe mai nefavorabile chiar 800.000, in cursul toamnei acestui an.

The unemployment rate according to data of the National Institute of Statistics (INS), calculated according to the methodology of the International Work Office (BIM), has reached  5,8% in the last trimester of the last year, having a upward trend against the previous trimester  (5,4%) and a downward trend compared to the corresponding trimester of  2007 (6,1%). The highest level of unemployment, i.e. 17, 9%, has been registered among young people aged between 15 and 24 years. This level is though going down compared to the previous trimester, when 19, 2% of young people aged between 15 and 24 years didn’t have any job.  

According to INS data, the unemployment rate in case of men was 2, 1 % higher than for women, respectively 6, 7% for men against 4, 6 % for women. Statistical data also show that the unemployment in urban areas was 6, 5% in the period mentioned whereas in rural areas the unemployment rate was 4,9%. The employment rate of the active population (15-64 years) had a slightly higher level (58,3%) against the level of the corresponding trimester of the previous year (57,9%), but lower than the previous trimester (60,5%). This indicator had, as in previous trimesters, higher values for men (64,9% against 51,7% for women) and for people in rural areas (59,3%, against 57,6% in urban areas). The employment rate of young people (15-24 years) was 23, 4%.

The employment level of the active population is situated at a distance of 11, 7 % against the target of 70%, established for 2010 through the Strategy of Lisbon. The Report of economic dependence (the number of inactive people corresponding to 1.000 employed people) was 1.234‰, higher for women (1.523‰), as well as for people coming from urban environment (1.296‰). In the last trimester of 2008, the active population of Romania was 9, 80 billion inhabitants, out of which 9, 23 billion employed people and 568.000 unemployed people.

The beginning of the year was unfavourable for the evolution of the work force; in the first 3 months of 2009 it has been registered more than 40.000 dismissals in the collective system.  This stands for roughly half of the total number of dismissals, the highest restructuring with collective dismissals have been registered in the metallurgical industry, auto spare parts, constructions, energy and confections / textiles.  The medium recruiting rhythm has significantly decreased against 2008, but not homogeneously for all sectors. There are sectors in which the level of the recruiting is preserved nearly to the same extent as in 2008, as for example in trade, health system, FMCG.  According to estimations updated by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the maximum number of unemployed people may exceed 700.000, under external economic conditions even more unfavourable it might reach even 800.000 in autumn of the current year.